Big three Zionists denial – November 13th, 2025 –
Denying Arabs jobs.
Smuggling weapons.
Illegal immigration pre-World War II
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“Refusal of Jews to employ Arabs on their lands or in their enterprises” was one of the major Arab complaints during the British Mandate and was cited as a deliberate policy of economic exclusion. (The Arab Case for Palestine, University of North Carolina Greensboro, 1938).
The Histadrut and other Zionist labor groups “worked systematically to exclude Arab workers from employment in Jewish industries, construction, and agriculture, enforcing boundaries between Jewish and Arab labor.” (Bernstein, Deborah S. Constructing Boundaries: Jewish and Arab Workers in Mandatory Palestine. State University of New York Press, 2000).
Zionist labor institutions “adopted a policy of Hebrew labor, which meant Jewish employment for Jews only, thereby denying Arabs access to jobs in Jewish settlements.” (Talibi, Omar. “The Palestinian and Jewish Working Class and Its Organizations, 1918–1939.” University of Minnesota Press, 1981).
The British government’s Passfield White Paper noted the “Jewish Agency’s policy of employing Jewish labor exclusively,” criticizing it as a practice that denied Arabs economic opportunities in Jewish agricultural colonies. (Passfield White Paper, 1930. British Colonial Office).
Hebrew labor “was not merely a slogan but a strategy of exclusion, designed to create a self-sufficient Jewish economy by denying Arabs participation in Jewish workplaces.” (Lockman, Zachary. Comrades and Enemies: Arab and Jewish Workers in Palestine, 1906–1948. University of California Press, 1996).
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Zionists breaking the law by smuggling in weapons into Palestine.
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“Members of Tel-Adash specialized in transporting the weapons in the double bottoms of the wagons… As wagoners secretly carrying weapons served Haim Sturman, Israel Vagman, Gershon Fleisher… from ‘Hashomer.’ …Yehuda Wolfson, a ‘Hashomer’ man, excelled in the smuggling of weapons.” Shlomo Shva. “Shevet ha-Noʿazim: Korot Manya v’Israel Shochat v’Havreihem b‘HaShomer.” Project Ben-Yehuda, n.d.
“Representatives from the colonies came to Kinneret, purchased rifles and pistols… As wagoners who secretly carried weapons were Haim Sturman… Gershon Fleisher… and others from ‘Hashomer.’” Shlomo Shva. “Shevet ha-Noʿazim: Korot Manya v’Israel Shochat v’Havreihem b‘HaShomer.” Project Ben-Yehuda, n.d.
“In one December 1921 incident, a shipment of beehives broke during unloading at Haifa and bullets and pistol parts fell out… It was later revealed the beehives were part of a large procurement operation by Gershon Fleisher, a member of ‘Hashomer’… Many arms shipments were brought successfully, hidden in double-walled suitcases, ice boxes, industrial machines, and millstones.” “Haifa Port.” Haganah Museum, n.d.
“In 1921… Israel Shochat, Shmuelik Hepter, and [Gershon] Fleisher were purchasing weapons in Vienna… Shmuelik sent pistols and ammunition inside beehives, and these fell apart in the Haifa port.” Ben-Zvi, Rachel Yanait. “Manya Shochat.” Project Ben-Yehuda, n.d.
“At the beginning of 1917… the group sent agents to obtain weapons in the south and worked hand-in-hand with ‘Hashomer’ in this operation.” Shlomo Shva. “Shevet ha-Noʿazim: Korot Manya v’Israel Shochat v’Havreihem b‘HaShomer.” Project Ben-Yehuda, n.d.
“Manya kept up a hectic pace of activism over the years, purchasing and smuggling guns, transporting illegal immigrants, and advocating Arab equality.” Hertz, Deborah. “Manya Shochat and Her Traveling Guns: Jewish Radical Women from Pogrom Self-Defense to the First Kibbutzim.” Jews and Leftist Politics: Judaism, Israel, Antisemitism, and Gender, edited by Jack Jacobs, Cambridge University Press, 2017.
“The Hagana invested considerable effort in acquiring arms immediately after the 1929 events.” Harouvi, Eldad. Palestine Investigated: The Criminal Investigation Department of the Palestine Police, 1920–1948. Sussex Academic Press, 2016.
“In 1935 the CID discovered the organisation’s arms smuggling methods.” Harouvi, Eldad. Palestine Investigated: The Criminal Investigation Department of the Palestine Police, 1920–1948. Sussex Academic Press, 2016.
“From the early 1920s, British agencies periodically looked into Haganah arms smuggling and illegal immigration.” Wagner, Steven. Statecraft by Stealth: Secret Intelligence and British Rule in Palestine. Cornell University Press, 2019.
“On 16 October 1935, Arab port workers in Jaffa discovered a cache of hidden weapons in barrels of cement while unloading the Belgian ship ‘Leopold II.’” “Sealtiel, David—Trial File.” Stiftung Jüdischer Friedhof Altona, n.d.
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Illegal immigration into Palestine that started before World War II.
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Unauthorized migration into Palestine during the late Ottoman and early British Mandate periods is examined in this article, focusing on migrants who entered before formal immigration controls tightened and how their status evolved within the changing political environment.
Banko, Lauren. “Migrants, Residents, and the Cost of Illegal Home-Making in Mandate Palestine.” Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. 50, no. 2, 2021, pp. 32-50.
This paper uses Ottoman administrative records to trace the unauthorized migration of Jews into Palestine during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, describing both the state’s efforts to curb the influx and the settlers’ circumvention of restrictions.
Batmaz, Şakir. “Illegal Jewish-Immigration Policy in Palestine (Periods of First and Second Constitutional Monarchy).” Journal of Turkish Studies, vol. 3, no. 1, 2008, pp. 14-29.
This book, while centered on the 1930s and 1940s, situates clandestine immigration practices in their early Mandate roots, showing how Ben-Gurion and the Yishuv leadership adapted pre-1930 smuggling and organization methods for later rescue missions.
Friling, Tuvia. Arrows in the Dark: David Ben-Gurion, the Yishuv Leadership, and Rescue Attempts during the Holocaust. University of Wisconsin Press, 2005.
This monograph connects pre-1930 illegal migration routes to later Zionist immigration operations, revealing how early waves of unauthorized settlement laid the logistical groundwork for post-Holocaust refugee transport.
Halamish, Aviva. The Exodus Affair: Holocaust Survivors and the Struggle for Palestine. Syracuse University Press, 1998.
The Ottoman Empire’s formal prohibition on Jewish settlement in Palestine and the widespread evasion of those restrictions are detailed here, documenting how clandestine migration patterns took shape between 1881 and 1908.
Mandel, Neville J. “Ottoman Policy and Restrictions on Jewish Settlement in Palestine: 1881-1908, Part I.” Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 10, no. 3, 1974, pp. 312-332.
British naval enforcement of immigration policy in the early Mandate period is discussed through archival records that extend back before the 1930s, illustrating how maritime surveillance shaped early illegal entry attempts.
Stewart, Ninian, editor. The Royal Navy and the Palestine Patrol. Frank Cass, 2002.
Wagner’s research exposes how British and Jewish intelligence agencies monitored and sometimes facilitated clandestine entry routes before 1930, highlighting the covert networks that later supported Aliyah Bet.
Wagner, Steven. Statecraft by Stealth: Secret Intelligence and British Rule in Palestine. Cornell University Press, 2019.
Ottoman policy on Jewish immigration from 1850 to 1914 is examined through government decrees and enforcement challenges, showing both legal restrictions and the persistent success of unauthorized settlers.
Mandel, Neville J. “Ottoman Policy and Restrictions on Jewish Settlement in Palestine, 1850–1914.” Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, 1974, pp. 120–133.
The social and economic experiences of undocumented migrants and settlers who entered Palestine before 1933 are analyzed, with emphasis on how illegal residence transformed into normalized community life under later amnesty programs.
Banko, Lauren. “Migrants, Residents, and the Cost of Illegal Home-Making in Mandate Palestine.” Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. 50, no. 2, 2021, pp. 32–50.
Ottoman archival materials reveal that illegal Jewish settlement often proceeded with covert approval from local officials between 1850 and 1920, revealing early tensions between imperial policy and regional practice.
Karataş, İbrahim. “Jewish Settlements in Palestine: An Analysis of Some Ottoman Documents, 1850–1920.” Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Politika Dergisi, vol. 4, no. 1, 2024, pp. 52–66.
Ottoman imperial policy toward Jewish migration is analyzed in this study, describing how the government attempted to prevent unauthorized immigration while Jewish networks continued to expand under the radar.
“Illegal Jewish-Immigration Policy in Palestine: Periods of 1st and 2nd Constitutional Monarchy (Ottoman Empire).” Araştırma Makaleleri, vol. 3, no. 1, 2021, pp. 14–29.
Jewish migrations from the Persian Gulf into Ottoman Palestine between 1820 and 1914 are traced through informal trade and kinship networks that often bypassed legal entry controls.
“Jewish Networks Between the Persian Gulf and Palestine, 1820–1914.” Past & Present, no. 267, 2020, pp. 115–148.
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